Difference between revisions of "Example Python Reader for PDS4 Images"

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(Replace example with a minimal version.)
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For this basic example, we designed the reader as a function in a module named <tt>birc_example_reader</tt>.  The user calls a single function, <tt>birc.read_image()</tt>, passing the name of the label as the first argument.  The function will load the label using the [https://docs.python.org/2.7/library/xml.etree.elementtree.html ElementTree] module and find the first <tt>Array_2D_Image</tt> element to read in.  A second function, <tt>read_pds4_array()</tt>, determines the correct data type and shape, then reads the data from the file.  A class specifically designed for PDS4 <tt>Array_2D_Image</tt> objects, aptly named <tt>PDS4_Array_2D_Image</tt>, is initialized with the data, the label describing the data, and the <tt>local_identifier</tt> of the array.  The <tt>local_identifier</tt> is not normally required in PDS4 array objects, but it must be present when the image display orientation is provided via <tt>Display_Settings</tt>.  Since these are present in the BIRC labels, our class assumes <tt>local_identifier</tt> is included.  The class then determines the image orientation.  The image is stored as a class attribute <tt>data</tt>.  The class attribute <tt>display_data</tt> is also provided, which can be used for displaying with the origin in the lower left corner.
 
For this basic example, we designed the reader as a function in a module named <tt>birc_example_reader</tt>.  The user calls a single function, <tt>birc.read_image()</tt>, passing the name of the label as the first argument.  The function will load the label using the [https://docs.python.org/2.7/library/xml.etree.elementtree.html ElementTree] module and find the first <tt>Array_2D_Image</tt> element to read in.  A second function, <tt>read_pds4_array()</tt>, determines the correct data type and shape, then reads the data from the file.  A class specifically designed for PDS4 <tt>Array_2D_Image</tt> objects, aptly named <tt>PDS4_Array_2D_Image</tt>, is initialized with the data, the label describing the data, and the <tt>local_identifier</tt> of the array.  The <tt>local_identifier</tt> is not normally required in PDS4 array objects, but it must be present when the image display orientation is provided via <tt>Display_Settings</tt>.  Since these are present in the BIRC labels, our class assumes <tt>local_identifier</tt> is included.  The class then determines the image orientation.  The image is stored as a class attribute <tt>data</tt>.  The class attribute <tt>display_data</tt> is also provided, which can be used for displaying with the origin in the lower left corner.
  
Download birc_example_reader.py.
+
Download [[File:Birc_example_reader.zip]].
  
 
== Minimal Working Example ==
 
== Minimal Working Example ==

Revision as of 15:47, 22 May 2015

Introduction

This document describes an example Python module that can read an image from a PDS4 data product. The code will read the data based on the label keywords, but does not otherwise validate the label. If the user wants to display the image, the code will consider the label's Display_Settings, and provide a copy of the image in the correct orientation for drawing with the origin in the lower left corner. The code below is designed for reading BOPPS BIRC images, but can be used as an example for other limited problems. A more general solution will likely use a different approach.

Contact Mike Kelley with questions or comments regarding this page.

Requirements

This example assumes the user is running Python 2.7, with a recent NumPy package installed. The visualization example uses matplotlib.

Goal and Method

The goal is to read in an image from a BOPPS BIRC data product into a Numpy array, providing the correct orientation for display. We will provide a function with the name of the label, the function will then

  1. Open the label.
  2. Find the data product file name.
  3. Determine the Array_2D_Image data type and shape.
  4. Read in the data array.
  5. Return the array and meta data in a single object.

The object will have two attributes that allow access to the data

  1. the data with the axis order and orientation as provided in the file, and
  2. the data with the axis order and orientation reconfigured according to the label's Display_Settings class, so that it will have the correct orientation if drawn with the origin in the lower left corner.

Implementation Details

For this basic example, we designed the reader as a function in a module named birc_example_reader. The user calls a single function, birc.read_image(), passing the name of the label as the first argument. The function will load the label using the ElementTree module and find the first Array_2D_Image element to read in. A second function, read_pds4_array(), determines the correct data type and shape, then reads the data from the file. A class specifically designed for PDS4 Array_2D_Image objects, aptly named PDS4_Array_2D_Image, is initialized with the data, the label describing the data, and the local_identifier of the array. The local_identifier is not normally required in PDS4 array objects, but it must be present when the image display orientation is provided via Display_Settings. Since these are present in the BIRC labels, our class assumes local_identifier is included. The class then determines the image orientation. The image is stored as a class attribute data. The class attribute display_data is also provided, which can be used for displaying with the origin in the lower left corner.

Download File:Birc example reader.zip.

Minimal Working Example

Rather than list the birc_example_reader.py here, below we provide a minimal working example with the same basic functionality. The example is a flat script with extensive comments, which may more clearly illustrate some of the methods for working with PDS4 image labels.

birc_mwe.py

"""
birc_mwe --- Minimal working example to read and orient BIRC images
===================================================================

Execute this script:
  * On the command line: python birc_mwe.py
  * In IPython: run birc_mwe.py

The data will be in a variable named `data`.  The data for display
(origin in the lower left) will be in a variable named `display_data`.

Little to no error checking or label validation is done for this
example.

"""

# required modules
import os
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# The PDS4 label file name
label_name = 'output/rawFitsFrame/cerh2_1_010000_rb_n169_n011.xml'

# XML namespace definitions
ns = {'pds4': 'http://pds.nasa.gov/pds4/pds/v1',
      'disp': 'http://pds.nasa.gov/pds4/disp/v1'}

# read in the label
label = ET.parse(label_name)

# Find the first File_Area_Observational element with an
# Array_2D_Image and assume it is what we want (OK assumption for BIRC
# test labels).
file_area = label.find('./pds4:File_Area_Observational/[pds4:Array_2D_Image]',
                       ns)

# Image file name, prefixed with the path to the label
file_name = file_area.find('./pds4:File/pds4:file_name', ns).text.strip()
file_name = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(label_name), file_name)

# Find the array class, the local identifier and data type of the
# array.  Transform the PDS4 data type into a NumPy data type (i.e.,
# dtype).
array = file_area.find('./pds4:Array_2D_Image', ns)
local_identifier = array.find('./pds4:local_identifier', ns).text.strip()
pds4_to_numpy_dtypes = {
    "IEEE754MSBSingle": '>f4'  # All BIRC example data is IEEE754MSBSingle
}
data_type = array.find('pds4:Element_Array/pds4:data_type', ns).text.strip()
dtype = np.dtype(pds4_to_numpy_dtypes[data_type])

# determine the array shape
shape = []
for i in [1, 2]:
    # find axis 
    k = './pds4:Axis_Array/[pds4:sequence_number="{}"]/pds4:elements'.format(i)
    shape.append(int(array.find(k, ns).text))

# read in the data
offset = array.find('./pds4:offset', ns)
with open(file_name, 'r') as inf:
    inf.seek(int(offset.text))
    data = np.fromfile(inf, dtype, count=np.prod(shape)).reshape(shape)

# Rotate the data into display orientation (origin in lower left).

# find display_settings_to_array for local_identifier in
# Display_Settings.  The BIRC sample labels have extra whitespace in
# the Display_Settings local_identifier_reference, so we cannot use a
# search similar to the one we did above for array shape with
# ElementTree's limited xpath support.
display_settings = None
xpath = ('./pds4:Observation_Area/pds4:Discipline_Area/disp:Display_Settings')
for e in label.findall(xpath, ns):
    k = './disp:Local_Internal_Reference/disp:local_identifier_reference'
    reference = e.find(k, ns).text.strip()
    if reference == local_identifier:
        display_settings = e
        break

# determine display directions
dd = display_settings.find('./disp:Display_Direction', ns)
h = dd.find('disp:horizontal_display_direction', ns)
v = dd.find('disp:vertical_display_direction', ns)
display_directions = (h.text.strip(), v.text.strip())
del h, v

# determine horizonal and vertical axis array indices
h_axis_name = dd.find('./disp:horizontal_display_axis', ns).text.strip()
for axis in array.findall('./pds4:Axis_Array', ns):
    if axis.find('./pds4:axis_name', ns).text.strip() == h_axis_name:
        horizonal_axis = int(axis.find('./pds4:sequence_number', ns).text) - 1

v_axis_name = dd.find('./disp:vertical_display_axis', ns).text.strip()
for axis in array.findall('./pds4:Axis_Array', ns):
    if axis.find('./pds4:axis_name', ns).text.strip() == v_axis_name:
        vertical_axis = int(axis.find('./pds4:sequence_number', ns).text) - 1

# Move the vertical axis to axis number 0
display_data = np.rollaxis(data, vertical_axis, 0)
if 'Right to Left' in display_directions:
    display_data = display_data[:, ::-1]
if 'Top to Bottom' in display_directions:
    display_data = display_data[::-1]

plt.clf()
plt.imshow(display_data, origin='lower')
plt.draw()
plt.show()